Explained: Iran’s Intensified Efforts to Deport Afghan Refugees and its Impact

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Afghanistan has faced decades of conflict, leading many Afghans to seek refuge in neighboring countries, including Iran and Pakistan. Iran hosts the most Afghan refugees, with an estimated 4.5 million Afghan refugees living there as per UNHCR. This includes 780,000 registered refugees and an estimated 2.6 million undocumented refugees. 

In recent months, Iran has intensified efforts to deport undocumented Afghan refugees. This move is part of broader measures aimed at managing the country’s economic and security challenges. Several reports indicate that Iran plans to deport up to 2 million Afghan refugees by March 2025.

The Iranian government has cited several reasons for the crackdown primarily Economic pressure, Security concerns. Iran’s economy has been struggling due to international sanctions and internal challenges, leading to increased competition for jobs and resources. There are concerns about the potential for criminal activities and unrest among undocumented migrants. Iran and Afghanistan have agreements on the repatriation of refugees, which the Iranian government is now enforcing more strictly.

The forced return of Afghan refugees has raised significant humanitarian concerns. Returnees face difficulties in reintegrating into Afghan society, which is already dealing with economic hardships and instability. Many returnees struggle to access basic necessities such as shelter, food, and medical aid. Humanitarian organizations have raised concerns about the conditions in which refugees are being deported and the treatment they receive upon their return.

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The international community has expressed concern over the deportations. The UNHCR has called for more humane treatment of Afghan refugees and emphasized the need for international support. Various NGOs have highlighted the potential human rights violations involved in the deportations and have called for an independent investigation.

The influx of returnees is putting additional strain on Afghanistan’s limited resources. The country is already struggling with economic challenges and lacks the infrastructure to adequately support the returnees. The situation is exacerbated by ongoing conflicts and instability, making it difficult for returnees to find safety and stability.

The deportation of Afghan refugees from Iran is a complex issue involving economic, security, and humanitarian factors. While the Iranian government aims to address its internal challenges, the forced return of refugees has significant implications for both the deportees and the broader international community. It is crucial to monitor the situation and ensure that the rights and needs of Afghan refugees are addressed.